Baseline Survey Methodology Essay Example

Baseline Survey Methodology Essay The current Base Line Study of the target population located in Tuticorin district provides the planners a fair idea of the present situation of the Health status, Educational status, Nutritional status, Water and Sanitation conditions, Life skills and immediate supplies from Child Development Programme. The study helps the implementing partner of the Organization to make self assessment of their progress made in the last one year and to measure the immediate impact created in the short time which in turn help them to plan for setting their own targets to achieve in the stipulated time frame and ensure quality programming. The study helps the Key stake holders at national and international level to plan the critical inputs necessary in to the programming like services, supplies, manpower, capacity building etc to create the expected impact and out come. As the NGO partner staff and CBO members are directly involved in the study they could work for the sustainable model and address other issues identified during the study and explore for the resources. Methodology adopted: To get the updated information and situation in the community, House Hold survey method has been taken up using the staff of the CCFC partner by interviewing the respondents for appropriate category, after training the data collectors on the sampling methods, programme components and the Tools used for the information capturing from the catchment area in teams. Sampling: Lot Quality Assurance Sampling has been used to draw the sample from the entire population of the catchment area of the Child Development programme implemented by the NGO partner. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseline Survey Methodology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Baseline Survey Methodology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Baseline Survey Methodology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The NGO is working in 4 clusters consisting 27 small villages with a total population of 2721 House holds spread in small colonies. All the 27 villages have been converted in to 7 supervisory areas for the purpose of the study and for future supportive supervision. The sample size has been taken as 19 for each supervisory area and thus a total of 133 sample house holds have been derived for the interviews. The sample interval has been derived as 20 for the entire population for equal distribution representing all the villages. The random number has been selected from the given random table. The number 16 has been picked up in blind fold as the random number one for the first house hold to be interviewed and all the 133 samples have been worked out with the sample interval of 20 to cover the universe. For each supervisory area, two data collectors have been placed to collect the data. The selected house hold numbers have been given to each team of the data collectors from the 7 supervisory areas. Operational Definitions: 1. Catchment Area: The catchment area is the broader geographical area where the target population of the Child Development programme lives in their house holds with their families. In other words it is the entire operational area of the Child development programme taken up by the partner NGO in the villages /communities. 2. Supervisory Area: It is the area where few villages /communities with the target population taken up for programme intervention and better support supervision by the programme staff. Here the Supervisory Area has been used for the purpose of the study, other wise earlier the area was supervised by 4 staff in 4 clusters of villages. 3. Tool: In this study well structured questionnaires have been used for different categories of the target population for interviews in a schedule. Each interview schedule consists of 3 questionnaires to cover 6 categories of the population in their different life stages. The information provided by the respondents is recorded in appropriate boxes in codes in the questionnaire sheets. The answers to some open ended questions are recorded in the space provided in the questionnaire. 4. Respondents: The respondents in this study are those who provide the information for the questions asked by the interviewers (Data Collectors). For the children of the age group 0 to 5 years, the mothers are the respondents, for the age group of 6 to14 years children the respondents are the children themselves and for the age group 15 to 24 years, the youth from the house hold are the respondents.

Swains Vision essays

Swains Vision essays There comes a time in every young mans life when he realizes the difference between the superficial problems of childhood and the real world of adulthood. Some boys learn the nuances of being a man at an early age, while others dont quite understand the truth of maturity until after theyve lived on their own for a while. Loudin Swain was a young man who didnt experience much along the lines of adulthood until he was nearly out of high school. Through the decisions he made in his quests to drop two weight classes and wrestle the state champ and also win the love of an older woman, Loudin learns that some things in life arent given to you and that nothing lasts forever. Vision Quest opens with Loudin Swain training for wrestling. He talks of how he wants to make his mark in the world this year, but doesnt realize that just the opposite will happen, the world will make its mark on him. Loudin is very into his wrestling and is the number one wrestler in his weight class. Although this is something to be proud of, he is not content. Loudin wishes to drop two weight classes and wrestle Shoot, the state champion who is the guy to beat. This is Loudins goal for the year and this is how he plans to make his mark. He trains long hours and constantly works out in his attempt to reach this goal. Loudin is the type of person who focuses so intensely on what he wishes to achieve that he doesnt see all of the other aspects of life around him. This is a sign of immaturity and Loudin will overcome this problem within the course of the movie. Loudin works at a local hotel where he delivers room service. One night he is confronted with a rather uncomfortable experience. Loudin delivers dinner to a room where a man is practicing Tai Chi. Loudin and this man strike up conversation about the benefits of this type of exercise and Loudin begins to attempt performing Ta ...

Three Ways People Can Improve Their Communities Assignment

Three Ways People Can Improve Their Communities - Assignment Example It is important for people to make better choices for their health and wellbeing status (Cohn, 2013). However, the government can influence the behavior of people to enhance their status. For instance, it could provide a channel for the people to pay their taxes efficiently. If the people do not evade or avoid paying taxes, the government could develop more health facilities for better services and easy access. When it comes to health choices, it is the decision of the people to determine and work around their health issues. For instance, they could develop a habit of exercising and embracing proper diet to avoid the effects of obesity. In addition, individuals need a sense of security in their neighborhood. The existences of criminal activities create a great concern for the people in the community. The people in the community can aid in addressing the security concerns in various ways. Firstly, people can learn to identify criminal activities in the community. Secondly, the people can set up a watch scheme for the local community. This involves collaborating with the security agencies to make communities safer by the provision of information on any suspected crime (Cohn, 2013). Finally, people could enhance their security through active participation with the local security authority. The provision of support to the security authority could improve the community’s security status. Furthermore, people can aid in the improvement of the community’s physical environment. To address the challenges of the environment, people in the community need to strengthen their abilities in relation to the conservation of the natural resources. This could occur through securing their capacities and knowledge in becoming their environmental stewards (Cohn, 2013). The people could also become innovative for the implementation of

Economy of Germany Nowadays Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economy of Germany Nowadays - Assignment Example Germany is one such country whose economy was largely affected by the economic recession leading to inflations and a drop in currency value. The economy has since stabilized as it continues to invest in its economy. The value of the euro has since stabilized and the trend is approaching upward exponential growth. The current biggest hurdle facing the country is an ever-increasing rate of unemployment facing young youths who are joining the job market. This has been cited to arise from the high number of foreign labor infiltrating the market due to the competitive, lucrative industrial wage rate that attracts labor from all over the world to the disadvantage of its native labor force (Wall, 2010). Germany has since maintained its competitive labor market as compared to its neighboring states owing to a well-crafted wage rate with a competent and productive pool of labor. The economy of the country has been slowed down by post-German wars that incapacitated the state and brought down the economy to ground level as everything came to a halt. It took time for Germany to recover but even then, they could not restore their resources and degraded infrastructure to their previous state. Such setbacks are what impacted the economy. The other factor affecting the economy is the high rate of unemployment as earlier mentioned. The country has no setbacks absorb its labor force into developing the economy due to the increased growth rates and frequent infiltration of labor forces from the neighboring states.  

Application of the theory of Panopticisim Term Paper

Application of the theory of Panopticisim - Term Paper Example Ray Wrighti stated Panopticism includes the installation of CCTV cameras in grocery stores to catch shoplifters. The grocery camera films are strong evidences in a court of law. The prosecution presents the grocery camera film to the court to prove the suspected shoplifter tucked the grocery items under his or her shirt and brought the items outside the grocery store without paying for the shoplifted items. The shoplifter will be discouraged to pursue one’s shoplifting intention upon seeing a CCTV camera inside the department store or grocery. Further, strict implementation of Panopticism to modern society is necessary to reduce future crime statistics. The cost of installing a CCTV camera is less costly compared to other alternatives. It would be more costly to hire a security guard to monitor the possible areas of shoplifting within the grocery area. It would be more use the cameras as a deterrent to the shoplifters. It would be less costly to prevent the grocery theft by in stallation of CCTV cameras when compared to hiring a lawyer to prosecute the shoplifterii. Tara Magdalinskiiii opined Panopticism includes installation of CCTV cameras in banks to reduce the bank robberies. The CCTV camera shows the actual actions inside a bank on the centralized security center. Upon witnessing a robbery, the centralized security center officer can contact the other bank guards to protect the bank. The same centralized security center officer can easily contact the nearest police station to come to the rescue of the bank. The alerted police officers can block all robbery exit points to prevent the robbers from escaping with their loot. The CCTV camera is an important tool to reduce and stop bank robberies. John Wilsoniv theorized the CCTV camera is a useful to safeguard the train station passengers from accidents. The train station has CCTV cameras to monitor the passengers inside the train stations. The CCTV cameras will alert the centralized train center monitori ng department of any passengers entering an accident-prone area. The train center monitoring officer can alert the trains to stop in order to prevent a passenger from meeting a preventable accident. The CCTV camera is very instrumental in spotting a drunken train station passenger jumping onto the train tracks to commit suicide. Likewise, the CCTV camera can spot another drug-crazed train passenger accidentally crossing the forbidden train tracks. The train center monitoring officer can alert the busy guard to approach the erring passenger. The CCTV camera is a necessary tool to reduce train accidents. As evidence, Cathleen Berrickv stated 29 out of 32 train operators implemented an upgrade of their CCTV cameras to increase the current monitoring of its train stations, yards, or trains. The train monitoring center personnel feverishly go the extra mile to ensure every area of the train station territory is observe for possible accidents, thefts, or other illegal activities. One rail operator, the New Jersey Transit, installed smart cameras. The smart programmed CCTV cameras alert the security personnel of any suspicious activities occurring within the perimeter of the computerized cameras. For example, the smart cameras will immediately inform the nearest security officer that one passenger left a suspicious bag on the passenger-loaded train. The New Jersey Transit train officers proudly stated that the cost of the smart CCTV cameras is slight compared to the cost of the trains being bombed

Impacts of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Impacts of the Americans with Disabilities Act Adapted Fitness Activities Congress weighed the interests of the businesses that would need to update their facilities versus the interests of the people that would be helped and decided that helping Americans with Disabilities would be the fairest thing to do. As verbally expressed by the founding fathers of America â€Å"All men are created equal.† Black, white, brown, short, tall, perspicacious, and incoherent, all are engendered equipollently. Therefore every person deserves fair judgement. Unfortunately, it is a profound fact that not everyone is born mundane and capable of task typical for a mundane person, who is liberate from incapacitation. In my opinion, the quote â€Å"All men are created equal† accommodates to promote an amicable environment that avails inspirit parity among people and avails to apperceive the kindred attributes rather than the differences that dissevers men. Even so, with this hope, the incapacitated community still struggles for parity. The Americans with disabiliti es act further goes to destroy those barriers between the community. If everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedom that is set forth in the Declaration, disabled people should not be robbed of their rights. However, they are still devalued from conducting common tasks which puts them at the bottom of the priority list as an employee and even so as a friend. If everyone is entitled to all the rights and liberation that is set forth in the Declaration, incapacitated people should not be purloined of their rights. However, they are still devalued from conducting mundane tasks which puts them at the bottom of the priority list as an employee and even so as a friend. President George Bush signed the ADA into law that serves and protects people with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination against the disabled by employers and required commercial establishments, public accommodation, and mass transportation be made accessible to disabled persons. hence the law was signed, new doors opened for the deaf and hard of hearing culture for a better opportunity in gaining equal rights. President Bush appointed four titles to protect deaf and hard of hearing people. In â€Å"The ADA and Deaf Culture† by Tucker, B. Title I, prohibits both public and private employers from refusing to hire or promote an individual because of his or her impairment and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for applicants or employees who are deaf or hard of hearing (Tucker 28). If a deaf or hard of hearing employee can pass the essential part of the job qualification, he or she is protected by the ADA to be hired. Also, the ADA prohibits employers to discriminate disabled people in means of recruitment, job applications procedures, pay rates, and promotions. The second title, Title II, â€Å"Requires all state and local government agencies to make all of their services accessible to individuals with disability† (NAD 22). This ensures people with disability to be able to participate in services, programs, and activitie s who can meet the essential eligibility requirements. Such places that must make these accommodations are schools, libraries, police and fire department, public hospitals, jails and prisons, motor vehicle departments, parks and recreation programs, food stamp offices, and welfare and social service agencies. Because these places serves to the public they cannot neglect people with disabilities. Title III gives equal access to public accommodations which removes communication and physical barriers to people with disabilities from private businesses, professionals, and nonprofit organizations. These private entities may not discriminate â€Å"in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, lease, or operates a place of public accommodation† (NAD 28). Such places operated by a private entity of public accommodations are hotels or places of lodging, restauran t or establishment serving food or drink, theater, place of public gathering like convention center, zoo, nursery, bowling alley and more. Title IV requires â€Å"telephone companies to provide both local and long distance telecommunications relay services across the nation† (NAD 34). By providing an accessible telephone system, deaf and hard of people are able communicate much easier and would minimize traveling to relay a message. It also â€Å"requires all television public services announcements that are produced of funded by the federal government to include closed captioning† (NAD 34). With closed captioning, primary source of news and culture information, as well as emergency broadcast warnings will be accessible to the deaf and hard of hearing people. By appointing these four titles, deaf and hard of hearing are insured of their civil rights and acceptance in society. If American pursues to reach equality for all, people of color, language, and ability should b e able to find peace within the differences between themselves. Although the ADA protects people with disability, it is quite difficult to zero in a situation when people of disability are discriminated against during the time of the situation. In some cases the damage was done before justice is served. In one of the cases, a spouse of a pregnant women was denied of an interpreter because he was not the patient. However, he still deserved the right to be informed of the situation of his baby, therefore the judge rule in their favor and were compensated for their trouble. On July 1997 in an article by the New York Times â€Å"Judge Finds Bias at Hospital In Dealings With Deaf Man,† Mount Sinai Medical Center illegally discriminated against the Bravins by not providing an interpreter. Mr. Bravin, a Lexington School teacher for the deaf in Manhattan was unable to learn the Lamaze method to assist his wife give birth. Sinai Medical Center disapproved Mr. Bravin request for an interpreter because it’s Mrs. Bravins who was the patient not Mr. Bravin who was deaf. Nevertheless, Lamaze method is a team effort which Mr. Bravin needed to learn to assist his wife give birth. The judge ruled that the hospital violated state and federal laws requiring accommodations for the disabled (Stewart 1). This example violated the title II of the ADA which was to provide interpreters at hospital settings. Although it was not Mrs. Bravin who needed an interpreter while giving birth and could not interpret for her husband, it was Mr. Bravin who needed it to find the situation of their baby during the birth and the week that the baby was in the neonatal intensive care unit. Mr. and Mrs. Bravin, a family concerned about their baby, should have the right to be informed especially if the baby is in an intensive care unit. Because the hospital did not provide an interpreter the judge ruled in favor of the Bravins and was scheduled the decision on the amount of damages. Even though Mrs. Bravins was hearing, the hospital should have put in c onsideration to provide an interpreter for Mr. Bravin because Mrs. Bravins could not interpret for her husband for she was giving birth. Poor Mr Bravin was left in the dark to figure how he could had help his wife and find out what was happening to his baby. The hospital did not consider Mr. Bravin in the equation, therefore the hospital discriminated against him and are scheduled for the amount of damages. In another situation, a community of deaf and hard of hearing are neglected of their rights. In an article from The New York Times on July 29, 1997, titled â€Å"Judge Rules Fire Box Denies Access To The Deaf,† a federal judge ruled, â€Å"to shrink the city’s fire alarm box system† (Holloway 1) was in violation of the civil rights of deaf and hard of hearing residents of New York. When Judge Sweets ordered the city to refit the boxes that was removed or disconnected as a part of an experiment in 1995, the city reconnected the box system with only a single li ne to the police department, instead of two-button system, one to fire and other to police department. Their defense, fire department contended that single-boxes would drastically reduce false alarms. However according to Holloway, â€Å"Judge Sweet said the one-button boxes were â€Å"unusable† by a hearing impaired person, a violation of the American With Disabilities Act, which guarantees equal access to public services† (Holloway 2). Clearly, by replacing the box systems it reduces emergency calls, but it also prevents deaf and hard of hearing from making emergency calls, thus discriminating them of their right to telecommunications, especially for emergencies. Therefore, Judge sweets denied the city’s request to abolish the fire-box system entirely. Also, as stated by the ADA, state and local government must make accommodations for the disabled. One example where the disabled are severely mistreated is at prisons. In an article from Los Angeles Times, title d â€Å"a Win for Disabled Prisoners; Ruling: Federal appeals court says the state violated their rights during parole hearings,† by Krikorian, G. on November 29, 2001, the state officials was ordered to make it easier for thousands of disabled prisoners and ex-felons to attend in parole hearings by the U.S. 9th Circuit Court Appeals. Krikorian wrote, â€Å"Violations included prisoners who use wheelchairs being left to crawl up stairs to attend their parole hearings† (Krikorian 1) and â€Å"Deaf inmates also were sometimes deprived of interpreters during hearings or had their hands shackled and thus were unable to sign Wilken found† (Kirkorian 2). Evidently, this describes the nature of cruelty that happens in prisons. Although the prison is a place where people need to be disciplined or exiled, there still must be some balance. Aa Kirkorian described, the people who are on parole, who may be scheduled to leave, are still being deprived of their rights. Therefo re, because of the harsh environment disabled people have to face in prisons, the U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken ordered â€Å"that the board survey all its hearing rooms to ensure that they are accessible to the disabled, provide interpreters for deaf prisoners, supply assistants for inmates with mental retardation and learning disabilities and establish a grievance process† (Kirkorian 2). With this, state officials would be more lenient than before. These discrimination against the deaf and hard of hearing people would slowly depart as society realizes that these people are incapable to hear and/or understand words because of their disability. Therefore it would be inconsiderate to treat such people without accommodations. Because deaf and hard of hearing have problems communicating and socializing, it is only fair to accommodate for their loss. There are numerous things that these people can do, but hear. If they are assisted for their loss, most would generously reconcile with in society, boosting their self-esteem and making positive deeds. In an article from the Los angeles Times titled â€Å"UPS Ban on Deaf Drivers is Rejected† by Girion, L. on October 11, 2006, a federal appeals court ruled that the United Parcel Services Inc. (UPS) has illegally discriminated against deaf employees by excluding them from driving delivery vans. The San Francisco-Based U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the UPS has violated the ADA, employers must justify polices or job requirements that elude a group of people who are disabled. The UPS countered that the case was about safety not disability or discrimination. The Professor of Sanford University of Law, Mark Kelman, stated that the use of deaf dri vers by other companies made UPS’ exclusion a difficult policy to justify under the ADA. Therefore, it was perceived that the UPS was not permitting very much individual analysis; they were rejecting the hearing impaired. Joe Beachboard who is representing employers defended that if a UPS driver has a serious accident, the company would be sued; hearing impaired poses a safety problem because of their inability to hear other vehicles. However, U.S. Circuit Judge Marsh Berzon noted that drivers are offered warning signals when backing up a van, therefore she wrote, UPS â€Å"failed to show that those accidents would not also been avoided by a deaf driver who has compensated for his her loss of hearing by, for example, adapting modified driving techniques or using compensatory devices such as backing cameras or additional mirrors† (Girion 2). In addition, being a safe driver does not merely rely on hearing that is why deaf people are able to acquire a license to drive pa ssenger cars. Consequently, after a couple more hearings, federal ruled to require drivers of vehicles weighing more than 10,000 pounds or more to meet certain vision and hearing standards. The qualifications lets the companies determine drivers for lighter vehicles. The accommodation serves to allow deaf and hard of hearing employee to drive vehicles and keep their job. In another situation where accommodation are made for the deaf and hard of hearing is in the article â€Å"Dispute in Westchester on Deaf Child Accepted† from the New York Times by Greenhouse, Linda on November 3, 1981. Supreme Court agreed to provide a sign language interpreter for deaf third grader. The appeals was based on the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Apparently, Amy Rowley a deaf student who was adept at lip reading and received help from her hearing aid was performing above average from her class without special help. However, the court ruled â€Å"she was entitled to be able to under stand everything said in the classroom, a goal that could be achieved only through sign language†(Greenhouse 2). Even though Amy Rowley in the top half of her class the court recognized that she is still being denied of her rights. Therefore, the court ruled in her favor to accommodate her for education. With the accommodation she will be given an opportunity to achieve her full potential. Not all individuals with disabilities are protected by the ADA. To be protected, individuals with disabilities must show that they are otherwise qualified for the job they want. They have to prove that they can perform the essential functions of that job with or without reasonable modifications, and they must have a disability that significantly limits them and show that they have suffered discrimination because of the disability. However the Americans with Disabilities Act is one in many steps for the towards the creation of an ideal society

George MacDonalds The Princess and the Goblin :: MacDonald Princess Goblin essays

George MacDonald's The Princess and the Goblin All over the world people have believed in a race of creatures, superhuman and subhuman, that are not gods or ghosts, but differ from humans in their powers, properties, and attributes (Briggs, Vanishing 27). The concepts of these creatures/fairies have been passed down through generations in many cultures through forms such as songs, sayings, and stories. Stories such as folktales and myths have wide array of fairy types found in them from various cultures' folklores (Abrams 101). Little people (lesser spirits) are often considered a subclass of fairies and include creatures like gnomes, trolls, and goblins (Rose 200, South 329). George MacDonald in his myth novel, The Princess and the Goblin, draws from many folk sources to bring to life his underworld "goblins." These "goblins" are an amalgamation of various types of little people. MacDonald effectively brings together attributes of goblins, dwarfs and trolls, gnomes and kobolds, and brownies to create a narrative full of tension and humour. First, MacDonald's "goblins" once lived above ground as humans, but they chose refuge underground to avoid severe taxes placed on them by the king (MacDonald 3). Through time, these people were transformed into "goblins." This is similar to the common suggested origin of the little people as humans conquered by other races that now conceal themselves from their conquerors (South 334). The fairies are often said to have been Eve's children whom she hid from God because she was embarrassed by them; God was not deceived and decided that those children should be "hidden from all Mankind" forever (Briggs, Vanishing 31). These origins suggest that the creatures are half human, which is a common idea in Scandinavian tradition (Briggs, Vanishing 31). This human origin of the "goblins" suggests that they are one side of human nature. There is a tension between the "goblins" and the humans as they show different aspects of life and morality. Second, the goblins, dwarfs and trolls, gnomes and kobolds, and brownies are all small, but they are humanlike in form though often described as misshapen and grotesque, and except for brownies, they are also often described as being old with gray hair and beards (Rose 51, 93, 128, 316). MacDonald's "goblins" are dwarfed and hideous, and though they are not described as old looking, their cleverness is associated with this characteristic (MacDonald 4). The use of these common folklore images of little people creates creatures that can be imagined easily by the reader.

Basic Economics Definitions Essay

Colander (2010) stated, â€Å"Economics is the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society† (p. 4). The main word defining â€Å"economics† would be coordination, and in economics, refers to three central problems that face any economy and how they are solved. These central problems are 1. What and how much to produce. 2. How to produce it. 3. For whom to produce it (Colander, 2010). Individuals frequently assume that economics only concern is with business, money, and supply, and demand. However, economics began as a branch of philosophy, and Alfred Marshall, the 19th century economist describes economics as the study of individuals in the business of everyday life. * Scarcity Colander (2010) stated â€Å"scarcity has two elements: our wants and our means of fulfilling those wants. These can be interrelated since wants are changeable and partially determined by society† (p. 5). Scarcity is a basic problem of economics it has apparent limitless individual wants and needs when the world in fact has limited resources. We as a society have scarce creative resources to fulfill everyone’s wants and needs. * TANSTAAFL Colander (2010) states TANSTAAFL â€Å"economic knowledge in one sentence â€Å"There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch† (p. 7). This acronym is trying to illustrate the cost of spending and decision making, and expresses that there is always a cost whether hidden or indirect even if it may seem like it is free. * Opportunity Cost Colander (2010) states â€Å"Opportunity cost is the benefit that you might have gained from choosing the next-best alternative. To obtain the benefit of something, you must give up something else. TANSTAAFL theory embodies the opportunity cost concept because it tells us that there is a cost to everything; that cost is the next-best forgone alternative† (p. 9). In economics, the term â€Å"opportunity cost† refers to money or benefits lost or given up pursuing a particular path specific path of action instead of an alternative or something else. Almost every decision made in business has an opportunity cost attached to it. For example should a business continue using a particular piece of equipment, or should the business purchase new equipment with additional features, and pay a higher rate. * Production Possibilities Curve Colander (2010) states the definition as â€Å"The production possibility curve is a curve that measures the maximum combination of outputs that can be obtained with a given number of inputs† (p. 29). The â€Å"Production Possibility Curve† is a graph representing the difference in rate when two products are produced with only a specific quantity of resources. For example, Suzie will bake brownies and cookies, but she has only one oven. An area in the oven used for baking brownies is not necessarily used for the cookies; therefore, for each brownie baked there are fewer baked cookies. * Comparative Advantage Colander (2010) states the definition as â€Å"some resources have a comparative advantage over other resources— the ability to be better suited to the production of one good than to the production of another good† (p. 28-29). Comparative advantage is the capability to manufacture services or merchandise at an opportunity cost lower than other individuals or businesses giving the individuals or businesses the capability of selling their services or merchandise at lower pricing than their competitors price. * Business Cycle Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"a business cycle is the upward or downward movement of economic activity that occurs around the growth trend† (p. 158). Business cycles refer to economic fluctuations in trade, production, and economic activity in over several months or years. Economic fluctuations take place throughout long-term growth trends, involving shifts over time showing fast economic growth, and periods of decline. * CPI Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"the consumer price index (CPI) is an index of inflation measuring prices of a fixed basket of consumer goods, weighted according to each component’s share of an average consumer’s expenditures† (p. 171). The CPI or consumer price index is a measurement showing household purchases indicating the change in the price levels of services and consumer goods. The CPI calculates the price changes for each predetermined item in the â€Å"basket of goods† and averages them, and weighted by their importance with the price changes related to the cost of living. * Labor Force To define labor force or workforce, and this is the calculation of every adult whether employed or unemployed. Estimated by The Bureau of Labor Statistics labor is categorized by employed, unemployed or not in the labor force for individuals age 16 and over. Individuals not categorized into the labor force are students, retired, or institutionalized individuals. The labor force changes over periods because of social and demographic changes. * Transfer Payments Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"payments to individuals that do not involve production by those individuals. Transfer payments include Social Security payments, and unemployment insurance† (p. 184). Transfer payments are monies from the government given to individuals such payments include unemployment, social security, disability, and other welfare payments. References * Business cycle. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/business cycle Comparative advantage. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comparative advantage Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. (pg. 4, 5, 7, 9, 28-29, 158, 171, 184). Economics. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/economics Opportunity cost. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opportunity cost Scarcity. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scarcity

Superlative Forms of Modifiers - Definition and Examples

Superlative Forms of Modifiers s The superlative is the form or degree of an adjective or adverb that indicates the most or the least of something. Superlatives are either marked by the suffix -est  (as in the fastest bike) or identified by the word most or least (the most difficult job). Almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add -est  to the base to form the superlative.  In most adjectives of two or more  syllables, the superlative is identified by the word  most or least.  Not all adjectives and adverbs have superlative forms. After a superlative, in or of a noun phrase can be used to indicate what is being compared (as in the tallest building in the world and the best time of my life). Exercises and Quizzes Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of AdjectivesPractice in Forming the Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adverbs Examples and Observations This is the saddest story I have ever heard.(Ford Maddox Ford, The Good Soldier, 1915)The [New York City] subway is a gift to any connoisseur of superlatives. It has the longest rides of any subway in the world, the biggest stations, the fastest trains, the most track, the most passengers, the most police officers. It also has the filthiest trains, the most bizarre graffiti, the noisiest wheels, the craziest passengers, the wildest crimes.(Paul Theroux, Subterranean Gothic. Granta, 1984)[O]f all forms of tyranny, the least attractive and most vulgar is the tyranny of mere wealth.(Theodore Roosevelt,  Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography, 1913)Bart Simpson: This is the worst day of my life.Homer Simpson: The worst day of your life so far.(The Simpsons Movie, 2007)In one second, without any previous training or upbringing, he had become the wettest man in Worcestershire.​​  (P.G. Wodehouse, Very Good, Jeeves, 1930)I responded in what I thought was the most truthfulor least untruthfulmanner, by saying no.(James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, explaining why he told Congress in March 2013 that the National Security Agency doesnt intentionally collect data on millions of Americans) To the man who loves art for its own sake, it is frequently in its least important and lowliest manifestations that the keenest pleasure is to be derived.(Arthur Conan Doyle)[T]he newspaper business, despite its many flaws, managed to do a lot of good. And it employed, in its newsrooms, the smartest, hardest-working, funniest, quirkiest, most cynical and at the same time idealistic group of borderline insane people Ive ever known.(Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010)It is turning out to be the most beautiful, most quiet, largest, most generous, sky-vaulted summer Ive ever seen or knowninordinately blue, with greener leaves and taller trees than I can remember, and the sound of the lawnmowers all over this valley is a sound I could hum to forever. (Nicholson Baker, The Anthologist. Simon Schuster, 2009)The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind.  (William James) Double Comparatives and Superlatives Speakers of vernacular dialects often use double comparatives and superlatives such as more higher and most fastest. Although such constructions may seem redundant or even illogical, in reality both standard and nonstandard varieties of all languages are replete with such constructions. In English the redundant comparative dates back to the 1500s. Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, suffixes, rather than a preceding more or most, almost always marked the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, regardless of word length. In the Early Modern English period . . . [double markings were commonly used to indicate special emphasis, and they do not appear to have been socially disfavored.​  (comparative, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., 2000) Unusual Superlatives Make sure your gathering is the meatiest, cheesiest, feastiest ever with our platters, cold subs, salads, snacks, and desserts.  (Firehouse Subs, Savannah, Georgia)- Another of Springfield’s belovedest citizens has been murdered.  (Kent Brockman in The Simpsons) Pronunciation: soo-PUR-luh-tiv

Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman

Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman In the process of implementing various policy instruments to keep up traffic safety in Oman, the policy analysts should consider various policy instrument alternatives. Problems involved in the implementation of a given policies should be considered to decide the most effective instrument which can be applied to end traffic problems in Oman.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Normally problems occur in the process of implementing various policies. For instance a policy may be inconsistent with the incentives of target people whose behavior is supposed to change. Secondly, a given policy instrument may not be in line with the interest of the policy makers who may be unwilling to carry out the policy. In addition, adequate resources may not be available to put a given policy instrument into practice (David and Vining 294). Below are implementation scenarios for two policy instruments which can be applied to make sure that traffic safety in Oman is sustained. Implementation Scenario for Rules Rules in form of indirect information provision according to David and vining (87) can be the most proper rules when it comes to restricting certain type of people from offering specific service and allowing only specific trained people to offer a given service. Most accidents in Oman are caused by drivers, as a result formulation of rules which target drivers, motorists and bicyclists on roads are needed in Oman to check traffic problems (Abulbasher et al., 175). Rules which address reckless driving, driving while drunk, safety belt violation, rules which prohibit young and old vulnerable drivers from using roads and those which make sure only licensed drivers are on the roads are needed in Oman. A variety of problems may arise during implementation of rules to tackle the above traffic issues in Oman. To begin with, it may be very hard to enforce the rules on the people of Oman particularly on drivers who are the main target. Rules restrict the movement of people and force them to follow specific ways and abiding by certain rules is difficult for most people. A rule which forbids drivers from driving while drunk may not be followed by many people because it may be hard to detect these people on the roads. After all traffic patrols are not always available on the roads to detect alcohol content using breathalyzer. Furthermore the act of monitoring drivers on roads may be tedious and this monitoring may only be applied in urban areas or in busy roads and in other areas drivers may not abide by the rule since they are not monitored.Advertising Looking for case study on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly a rule which prohibits young drivers and old vulnerable drivers from using roads may not be effective because it is almost im possible to restrict young energetic, ambitious youths from driving just like restricting old people from driving who may not be active and will always drive when they want to move from one place to another (Young Drivers 3). As a result this kind of rule may be ignored by many. Imposing rules to check over speeding by drivers and generally reckless driving may not be effective because at times people will over speed when they are in rush and when they are sure that no traffic patrol is on the lookout. Most drivers ignore over speeding rules while others even resist arrest by traffic patrol as a result a rule which addresses over speeding in roads may not be followed by many. Another problem which might arise in the implementation of rules in the process of ensuring traffic safety in Oman is the long and complex processes of rule formulation and development. Coming up with a rule takes time and requires contribution of various parties such as drivers, lawyers, and government represe ntatives. All the people involved must come together to decide the most effective rule to be applied and this may take time. This is a drawback in the process of dealing with traffic safety problems in Oman considering accidents occur frequently and a way of cutting down the number of accidents in Oman is needed at the moment. Under normal circumstance rules will take time before they are put into practice because they have to follow specific steps for ratifications. Implementation Scenario for Government Provisions Government provision is one policy instrument which can solve a lot of issues on traffic safety. The government can offer a lot of provisions in trying to improve road safety. One of the most important provisions a government can offer to improve traffic safety is the provision traffic education and important traffic information to the public. This can occur through various means such as through television, posters, government press, roadsides posters, and issuance of le aflets by the government to the people and through government exhibitions (Abulbasher et al., 176). This information may be about use of a new traffic control system or information about climatic conditions in various parts of the country. Another provision which the government can give to increase traffic safety in Oman is construction of better roads with wider pavements and flyovers for pedestrians and tunnels to cut traffic jam and make sure that there is fast movement of goods and people from one place to another.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Certain problems may arise in the process of implementing these provisions by the government to the people of Oman to improve traffic safety. Although the government may opt to improve infrastructure to cut the number of accidents arising due to poor infrastructure, improvement of infrastructure may not be achieved soon (Plant and Scott 23). The government of Oman may not have adequate funds and may need extra grants from other governments and this may not be forthcoming. Even if the government has adequate resources, it may take several years before better roads are constructed in Oman because road construction will need labor, time and experienced engineers. The government might choose to offer traffic education to the public through the social media, posters or through issuance of various publications. This information may be about weather in various areas in Oman or about unsafe roads. Most people neglect this information from social media. Due to that only few people are able to get the information and follow the government precautions. Ignorant drivers may cause accidents and this ignorance is a problem in the implementation of government provisions and government should choose the most proper means of communication which will reach many drivers. Most o f the provisions by the government of Oman for addressing traffic security maybe expensive. For instance, installing a new traffic control system may be expensive for the government and may inconvenience drivers on the roads who are not conversant with the new system. The government may also incur extra cost of educating the public on how to use the new system. Collaboration by the government of Oman with various institutions which offer traffic education may also make the government to incur extra costs. Abulbasher, Shahalam, Ali Galal, Charles Bakheit, and EmadFadhel. â€Å"Factor Analysis: Traffic Accidents and Potential Causes – A Case Study in Oman.† National Engineering Conference on Roads, (2011).175-190. Print. David, Weimer L., and Aidan Vining R. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. Upper. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (2005). Print.Advertising Looking for case study on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plant, Joel B., and Scott, Michael S. Effective Policing and Crime Prevention. A problem Oriented Guide for Mayors, City Managers and Country Executives. Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. US Department of Justice. Washington DC. (2009). Print. Young Drivers: The Road Safety. Organization for Economic Corporation and Development. (2006). Web. https://www.itf-oecd.org/

IT Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT Systems - Assignment Example n back fire in the manner of damages in from of breach of privacy, leaking of important data, bugs in the system, downtime of software and network and various other factors that have a direct impact on the life of project and organization(Laudon & Laudon, 2011). One prime reason of being so fragile is nature is its characteristic attribute of directly in touch with outside forces and entities. Since it is a established fact that large number of malicious forces and programs exist that are direct threat towards the information systems, therefore they serve as the front line threats towards it safe working and existence . Another down side of information systems is its rapid paced transition and introduction of new trends in the arena. Since innovation and up gradation are bound to occur in information systems, this also serves as the vulnerability. Having identified the vulnerabilities that might arise in the information system atmosphere, there is a need for creating an effective protection and security layer, along with assigning responsibilities to the top management for ensuring the implementation of information system and its principles in its true spirit(Gibson, 2010)

Foucault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foucault - Essay Example This evolution of his theory can be traced from 1960's to 1980's and reveal a pattern of study of how power influences decision-making. In 1960's he uses terms like 'contestation' and 'transgression' and uses them interchangeably. In 1970's Foucault moved to 'struggle' and 'resistance' which are again synonymous. And finally in 1980's he used the term 'agonism'. All these terms used through a period of time defining his core focus on the play of resistance, and Foucault's conceptualization of power rather than strict references made to limits. (AMOUDI) Foucault's power-resistance relation is a dynamic analysis of the modern day world. The groundwork of the role of power being laid in the previous theories which evolved between 1960's and 1970's, the economics of power has been more rigorously presented in these theories. Michel Foucault goes further to give a definition of power relations in an essay published in 1982: 'The exercise of power is not simply a relationship between partners, individual or collective; it is a way in which certain actions modify others' Although the exercise of power may need violence or consent, these are not inherent to a power relation. Moreover, one of the consequences of this limit to power is that resistance is the sine qua non condition for power. Indeed, a power relation, is not an action which determines another action, but an action which influences an other action by determining a field of possibility for it. In this field of possibility, ways of resisting are by definition present. The second limit set to power relations, therefore, is fight. According to Foucault, the goal of a fight is either to force the opponent to abandon the game (hence a victory which dissolves the power relation) or to set up a new relation of power. In other words, there is circularity between power relations open to fight and a fight aiming at power relations. Therefore there is a constant instability in a power relationship which excludes by definition any form of determinism. By stressing the ontological link between power and resistance, Foucault invites us to understand his reading of the mechanisms of power h e highlights. Power is to be understood then as a form of power, which is perpetually confronted with potential (and some time actual) resistance. (AMOUDI) In his book Order of Things and Foucault Reader, he addresses the power of observation and the impact of it on the observed. He emphasizes that observing people and judging them requires a degree of conformity, which is less obvious and subsequently, according to Foucault more powerful because of its restrained state. This same impact is seen in Panopticism where Foucault shows a transition in prison systems from physical manipulation to implicit manipulation. This new form of control is implemented through a physical construction that creates the illusion of continual surveillance. This surveillance creates the impetus for self-control. It is the power of being observed which places the role of control on the subjects. People control themselves out of a desire not to be looked down upon - to control their own public reputations. Panopticism works in a similar way - by continual observation or the illusion of continual observation, people are expected to continually discipline thems elves so as to avoid being disciplined by an external source (Foucault & Rabinow) The power which is